Which signal aids in identifying the location of the aircraft by reflecting sound waves?

The correct choice is the Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN), which is specifically designed to aid in identifying the location of aircraft by reflecting sound waves. TACAN provides bearing and distance information to the aircraft, allowing it to navigate effectively. This system is particularly useful in military aviation, where precision and situational awareness are critical.

TACAN operates by sending out a signal from ground stations that can be picked up by the aircraft, which then calculates its position based on the time it takes for the signal to return after being reflected. This capability is essential for pilots to determine their location in relation to the navigation aids, enhancing their operational effectiveness.

While the other options serve important functions in navigation and communication, they do not utilize sound waves in the same manner. VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) provides directional guidance through radio waves, Basic Radar Concept relates to the detection and tracking of objects using radar technology, and Marker Beacon serves as a range marker providing vertical guidance. However, TACAN's unique use of sound waves for distance measurement and bearing makes it the correct answer for identifying aircraft location in this context.