What concept uses electromagnetic energy to create a pulse that returns after reaching its destination?

The concept that uses electromagnetic energy to create a pulse that returns after reaching its destination is rooted in the basic principles of radar technology. In radar systems, an electromagnetic pulse is transmitted toward a target, and when this pulse hits an object, it is reflected back to the radar receiver. The time it takes for the pulse to return is measured and used to determine the distance to the target. This fundamental operation forms the basis of how radar systems detect and locate objects, such as aircraft or terrain, providing valuable information for navigation and situational awareness.

The other options represent different technologies with specific functionalities but do not involve the basic radar concept of emitting and receiving electromagnetic pulses for detection and ranging. VHF Navigation, GPS, and TACAN each utilize different methods of positioning and navigation without relying on the radar principle of pulse emission and reflection.